CLASSIFICATION

The classification is based mainly morphological criteria. DNA-DNA homology studies have also been used and show that all subspecies of T. pallidum regardless of the diseases they cause (syphilis, yaws, nonvenereal endemic syphilis or pinta) have virtually 100% homology. Apart from the conditions they cause, they are subdivided also on the basis of experimental cutaneous lesions in animals.

BIOCHEMISTRY

Treponema pallidum can not be grown in vitro. Multiplication does not occur in the absence of mammalian cells. The presence of serum is essential. Optimal multiplication occurs at oxygen concentrations of 1.5-5%, 5%CO2 and the rest N2 and at temperatures of 33-35°C.

Full genetic studies have not be done. The fact that there is virtually 100% homology between the DNA's of the different subspecies strongly indicates their close relationship.

Serological studies have been based on trying to identify these organisms, which cannot be grown. The direct fluorescent antibody test is a very important method as is the method of use of specific antibody to determine the loss of motility.

T. pallidum is exclusively a pathogen.

Infections:

The subspecies of T. pallidum cause syphilis, yaws, nonvenereal endemic syphilis or pinta.

T. pallidum infections are diagnosed on the basis of observing the treponemes in the lesions, direct fluorescent antibody identification or the use of silver impregnation techniques of tissues.

They are exclusively pathogens.

None

No vaccines are available.

Spirochaetaceae

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